As 2025 ends, the Standard Model still hasn’t cracked. Despite all the claims to the contrary, the Standard Model remains our consensus framework and foundation in both particle physics and cosmology. Here’s why. The Standard Model's quarks, antiquarks, and gluons have color charge, and all particles except gluons and photons experience the weak interaction. The model includes six quarks, six antiquarks, charged leptons, three types of neutrino, force-carrying particles, and the Higgs boson, which interact through various forces. While it doesn't explain everything, mysteries remain in dark matter, dark energy, baryogenesis, and the hierarchy problem. In 2025, LHCb collaboration demonstrated baryonic CP-violation, but other challenges and anomalies have been resolved. Neutrino masses and theories beyond the Standard Model, like positive geometry, are still under investigation. The origin of matter and the need for a new collider are ongoing concerns. On the cosmological side, dark matter, dark energy, and matter-antimatter asymmetry remain puzzles. DESI's results on dark energy evolution are inconclusive, and cosmic inflation faces criticisms. Early galaxies and cosmic dust support the Standard Model. Despite assertions challenging dark matter and cosmic microwave background, observations consistently support the Standard Model. The Hubble tension remains a puzzle, but the Standard Model has withstood numerous challenges, and further research is needed to uncover its full potential.
